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Verb forms なる

to become · なる · naru

13 form groups

Present / future

What happens now, usually, or later.

Affirmative Become / will become
Plain

なる

naru

Polite

なります

narimasu

Negative Do not become / will not become
Plain

ならない

naranai

Polite

なりません

narimasen

Past

What already happened.

Affirmative Became
Plain

なった

natta

Polite

なりました

narimashita

Negative Did not become
Plain

ならなかった

naranakatta

Polite

なりませんでした

narimasendeshita

Te-form

Connect an action to what comes next.

Affirmative Become, and…
Plain

なって

natte

Polite

なりまして

narimashite

Negative Not become / without becoming
Plain

ならなくて

naranakute

Alternative variant

ならないで

naranaide

Polite

なりませんで

narimasende

Connecting forms change meaning with the sentence. The polite forms here are formal. Negative なくて connects a reason or state; ないで often means “without doing”.

If · ば

A condition with ば.

Affirmative If you become
Plain

なれば

nareba

Polite

なりますなら

narimasunara

Alternative variant

なりますならば

narimasunaraba

Negative If you do not become
Plain

ならなければ

naranakereba

Polite

なりませんなら

narimasennara

Alternative variant

なりませんならば

narimasennaraba

The polite alternatives here use なら / ならば to express the condition.

Potential

What someone is able to do.

Affirmative Can become
Plain

なれる

nareru

Polite

なれます

naremasu

Negative Cannot become
Plain

なれない

narenai

Polite

なれません

naremasen

Passive

What happens to the subject.

Affirmative Be affected by someone becoming
Plain

なられる

narareru

Polite

なられます

nararemasu

Negative Not be affected by someone becoming
Plain

なられない

nararenai

Polite

なられません

nararemasen

These are non-past passive forms. With intransitive verbs, the passive can describe being affected by someone’s action.

Causative

Making or allowing someone to act.

Affirmative Make / let someone become
Plain

ならせる

naraseru

Alternative variant

ならす

narasu

Polite

ならせます

narasemasu

Alternative variant

ならします

narashimasu

Negative Not make / not let someone become
Plain

ならせない

narasenai

Alternative variant

ならさない

narasanai

Polite

ならせません

narasemasen

Alternative variant

ならしません

narashimasen

Causative-passive

Being made to do something.

Affirmative Be made to become
Plain

ならせられる

naraserareru

Alternative variant

ならされる

narasareru

Polite

ならせられます

naraseraremasu

Alternative variant

ならされます

narasaremasu

Negative Not be made to become
Plain

ならせられない

naraserarenai

Alternative variant

ならされない

narasarenai

Polite

ならせられません

naraseraremasen

Alternative variant

ならされません

narasaremasen

Volitional

An invitation or intention.

Affirmative Let’s become / intend to become
Plain

なろう

narou

Polite

なりましょう

narimashou

Negative Intend not to become
Plain

なるまい

narumai

Polite

なりませんまい

narimasenmai

Negative まい can also express “probably will not”, depending on context. It is formal or literary.

Imperative

A command or instruction.

Affirmative Become!
Plain

なれ

nare

Polite

なりなさい

narinasai

Negative Do not become!
Plain

なるな

naruna

Polite

なりなさるな

narinasaruna

The forms in the polite column are still commands. Negative なさるな is uncommon.

If / when · たら

A condition with たら.

Affirmative If / when you become
Plain

なったら

nattara

Polite

なりましたら

narimashitara

Negative If / when you do not become
Plain

ならなかったら

naranakattara

Polite

なりませんでしたら

narimasendeshitara

Listing actions · たり

One action among others.

Affirmative Becoming, among other things
Plain

なったり

nattari

Polite

なりましたり

narimashitari

Negative Not becoming, among other things
Plain

ならなかったり

naranakattari

Polite

なりませんでしたり

narimasendeshitari

たり lists representative actions. In everyday polite speech, politeness usually comes at the end of the sentence.

Verb stem

A base for building other expressions.

Verb stem Become… · stem for other forms
Plain

なり

nari

Polite

No form

A stem is used to build other expressions; it is not a complete verb on its own.

English meanings are reading guides. The subject and context can change the translation.

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