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Verb forms なくす

to lose (something) · なくす · nakusu

13 form groups

Present / future

What happens now, usually, or later.

Affirmative Lose / will lose
Plain

なくす

nakusu

Polite

なくします

nakushimasu

Negative Do not lose / will not lose
Plain

なくさない

nakusanai

Polite

なくしません

nakushimasen

Past

What already happened.

Affirmative Lost
Plain

なくした

nakushita

Polite

なくしました

nakushimashita

Negative Did not lose
Plain

なくさなかった

nakusanakatta

Polite

なくしませんでした

nakushimasendeshita

Te-form

Connect an action to what comes next.

Affirmative Lose, and…
Plain

なくして

nakushite

Polite

なくしまして

nakushimashite

Negative Not lose / without losing
Plain

なくさなくて

nakusanakute

Alternative variant

なくさないで

nakusanaide

Polite

なくしませんで

nakushimasende

Connecting forms change meaning with the sentence. The polite forms here are formal. Negative なくて connects a reason or state; ないで often means “without doing”.

If · ば

A condition with ば.

Affirmative If you lose
Plain

なくせば

nakuseba

Polite

なくしますなら

nakushimasunara

Alternative variant

なくしますならば

nakushimasunaraba

Negative If you do not lose
Plain

なくさなければ

nakusanakereba

Polite

なくしませんなら

nakushimasennara

Alternative variant

なくしませんならば

nakushimasennaraba

The polite alternatives here use なら / ならば to express the condition.

Potential

What someone is able to do.

Affirmative Can lose
Plain

なくせる

nakuseru

Polite

なくせます

nakusemasu

Negative Cannot lose
Plain

なくせない

nakusenai

Polite

なくせません

nakusemasen

Passive

What happens to the subject.

Affirmative Be lost
Plain

なくされる

nakusareru

Polite

なくされます

nakusaremasu

Negative Not be lost
Plain

なくされない

nakusarenai

Polite

なくされません

nakusaremasen

These are non-past passive forms. With intransitive verbs, the passive can describe being affected by someone’s action.

Causative

Making or allowing someone to act.

Affirmative Make / let someone lose
Plain

なくさせる

nakusaseru

Alternative variant

なくさす

nakusasu

Polite

なくさせます

nakusasemasu

Alternative variant

なくさします

nakusashimasu

Negative Not make / not let someone lose
Plain

なくさせない

nakusasenai

Alternative variant

なくささない

nakusasanai

Polite

なくさせません

nakusasemasen

Alternative variant

なくさしません

nakusashimasen

Causative-passive

Being made to do something.

Affirmative Be made to lose
Plain

なくさせられる

nakusaserareru

Polite

なくさせられます

nakusaseraremasu

Negative Not be made to lose
Plain

なくさせられない

nakusaserarenai

Polite

なくさせられません

nakusaseraremasen

Volitional

An invitation or intention.

Affirmative Let’s lose / intend to lose
Plain

なくそう

nakusou

Polite

なくしましょう

nakushimashou

Negative Intend not to lose
Plain

なくすまい

nakusumai

Polite

なくしませんまい

nakushimasenmai

Negative まい can also express “probably will not”, depending on context. It is formal or literary.

Imperative

A command or instruction.

Affirmative Lose!
Plain

なくせ

nakuse

Polite

なくしなさい

nakushinasai

Negative Do not lose!
Plain

なくすな

nakusuna

Polite

なくしなさるな

nakushinasaruna

The forms in the polite column are still commands. Negative なさるな is uncommon.

If / when · たら

A condition with たら.

Affirmative If / when you lose
Plain

なくしたら

nakushitara

Polite

なくしましたら

nakushimashitara

Negative If / when you do not lose
Plain

なくさなかったら

nakusanakattara

Polite

なくしませんでしたら

nakushimasendeshitara

Listing actions · たり

One action among others.

Affirmative Losing, among other things
Plain

なくしたり

nakushitari

Polite

なくしましたり

nakushimashitari

Negative Not losing, among other things
Plain

なくさなかったり

nakusanakattari

Polite

なくしませんでしたり

nakushimasendeshitari

たり lists representative actions. In everyday polite speech, politeness usually comes at the end of the sentence.

Verb stem

A base for building other expressions.

Verb stem Lose… · stem for other forms
Plain

なくし

nakushi

Polite

No form

A stem is used to build other expressions; it is not a complete verb on its own.

English meanings are reading guides. The subject and context can change the translation.

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